Monday, February 03, 2025

manual setup of awstats with static report pages

To improve responsiveness, tried to make awstats generate static pages instead of dynamic report generation with the cgi-bin perl script.

Most probably the unresponsive nature was due to the DNS settings in the /etc/awstats/*.conf files for the domains we were reporting on. As the conf file says,

# If you want/need to set DNSLookup to 1, don't forget that this will
# dramatically reduce AWStats's update process speed. Do not use on large web
# sites.

Then, there was also the dynamic DNS lookup option, which also needed to be set to 0 - 

# For very large sites, setting DNSLookup to 0 (or 2) might be the only
# reasonable choice. DynamicDNSLookup allows to resolve host names for
# items shown in html tables only, when data is output on reports instead
# of resolving once during log analysis step.
# Possible values:
# 0 - No dynamic DNS lookup

Then two more settings were changed, changed to 0

# Possible values:
#  0  - Report is not shown at all
#  1  - Report is shown in main page with an entry in menu and default columns
# XYZ - Report shows column informations defined by code X,Y,Z...
#       X,Y,Z... are code letters among the following:
#        U = Unique visitors
#        V = Visits
#        P = Number of pages
#        H = Number of hits (or mails)
#        B = Bandwidth (or total mail size for mail logs)
#        L = Last access date
#        E = Entry pages
#        X = Exit pages
#        C = Web compression (mod_gzip,mod_deflate)
#        M = Average mail size (mail logs)

# Show domains/country chart
# Context: Web, Streaming, Mail, Ftp
# Default: PHB, Possible column codes: UVPHB
ShowDomainsStats=0

# Show hosts chart
# Context: Web, Streaming, Mail, Ftp
# Default: PHBL, Possible column codes: PHBL
ShowHostsStats=0

Then, with much trial and error, the following lines were added to the root crontab for creating the static pages, and an index file was created to easily go to the relevant server/month page.

sudo su -
crontab -e

58 23 * * * /usr/share/awstats/tools/awstats_buildstaticpages.pl -update -dir=/var/www/pathtostatsfromawstats/ -config=server1.org -builddate=$(date '+\%Y\%m') > /dev/null  2>&1

 56 23 * * * /usr/share/awstats/tools/awstats_buildstaticpages.pl -update -dir=/var/www/pathtostatsfromawstats/ -config=server2.org -builddate=$(date '+\%Y\%m') > /dev/null  2>&1

and so on. 

There were lots of emails to root being generated every 10 minutes from cron, saying awstats.pl could not read the log files in /var/log/apache2/ourlogfile.log - it turned out that these were being generated by another cron which would probably have been created by the awstats installation via apt, which was located in /etc/cron.d directory, the file was /etc/cron.d/awstats which was being run as an unprivileged user, hence unable to read log files etc. So I just commented out those awstat update lines in that file. To note:

# /etc/crontab: system-wide crontab
# Unlike any other crontab you don't have to run the `crontab'
# command to install the new version when you edit this file
# and files in /etc/cron.d. These files also have username fields,
# that none of the other crontabs do.

Initial setup -

followed the post
to get Ubuntu install documentation,
and followed that for the setup, with separate access.log files for each domain set in their respective conf files.
 

And if we need to password protect it,

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-password-authentication-with-apache-on-ubuntu-20-04

Running the perl script without any arguments gave the listing of possible arguments -  

perl /usr/share/awstats/tools/awstats_buildstaticpages.pl

Usage:
awstats_buildstaticpages.pl (awstats_options) [awstatsbuildstaticpages_options]

  where awstats_options are any option known by AWStats
   -config=configvalue is value for -config parameter (REQUIRED)
   -update             option used to update statistics before to generate pages
   -lang=LL            to output a HTML report in language LL (en,de,es,fr,...)
   -month=MM           to output a HTML report for an old month=MM
   -year=YYYY          to output a HTML report for an old year=YYYY

  and awstatsbuildstaticpages_options can be
   -awstatsprog=pathtoawstatspl AWStats software (awstats.pl) path
   -dir=outputdir               Output directory for generated pages
   -diricons=icondir            Relative path to use as icon dir in <img> links
   -builddate=%YY%MM%DD         Used to add build date in built pages filenames
   -staticlinksext=xxx          Build pages with .xxx extension (default .html)
   -buildpdf[=pathtohtmldoc]    Build a PDF file after building HTML pages.
                                 Output directory must contains icon directory
                                 when this option is used (need 'htmldoc')

At first, I thought I would need to manually create directories and chown them to www-data

# mkdir 202502
# chown www-data:www-data 202502

 

but then I could use the builddate parameter instead. Note that in the builddate parameter, when the $(date) is called in a cron script, the % characters have to be escaped.

Reports for older year/month combinations could be created like
perl /usr/share/awstats/tools/awstats_buildstaticpages.pl -dir=/var/www/pathtostatsfromawstats/ -config=ourserver.org -year=2024 -month=12 -builddate=202412

And finally, asked Github Copilot to generate a form with dummy servernames and paths, which I manually edited to get the correct paths, as below -

<script>
        function redirectToUrl() {
            var server = document.getElementById("server").value;
            var year = document.getElementById("year").value;
            var month = document.getElementById("month").value;
            var url = "https://ourstatsurlforstatsfromawstats/awstats." + server + year + month + ".html";
            window.location.href = url;
        }
    </script>
</HEAD>
<body>
    <form onsubmit="event.preventDefault(); redirectToUrl();">
        <label for="server">Select Server:</label>
        <select id="server" name="server">
            <option value="1.org.">CMS</option>
            <option value="2.org.">devel2</option>
            
        </select>
        <br /><br />
        <label for="year">Select Year:</label>
        <select id="year" name="year">
            <option value="2024">2024</option>
            <option value="2025">2025</option>
            <option value="2026">2026</option>
        </select>
        <br /><br />
        <label for="month">Select Month:</label>
        <select id="month" name="month">
            <option value="01">01</option>
            <option value="02">02</option>
            <option value="03">03</option>
            <option value="04">04</option>
            <option value="05">05</option>
            <option value="06">06</option>
            <option value="07">07</option>
            <option value="08">08</option>
            <option value="09">09</option>
            <option value="10">10</option>
            <option value="11">11</option>
            <option value="12">12</option>
        </select>
        <br /><br />
        <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
    </form>

               
</body>

Friday, January 31, 2025

resizing a window in xfce

 Some windows like the file manager Thunar allow resizing by dragging any corner, but not the Microsoft Edge browser window. Solution - press ALT, right-click inside the window and drag in any direction.

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/61037/how-to-resize-application-windows-in-an-arbitrary-direction-not-vertical-and-no

Thursday, January 30, 2025

show date-time instead of date in Thunar

On the Linux Mint XFCE desktop, Thunar is the default file manager, and by default, it just shows "Today" or the created date of the file. Not useful to find the latest in several versions created in a few minutes time, or to see how long it took to generate file sequences etc. But happily, it can easily be fixed, instead of having to open a terminal and do ls -l

https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=241840
Menu > Edit > Preferences - very first tab (Display), Date Format - drop down list right along the bottom is a format like yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss

Wednesday, January 29, 2025

boot logs and more with journalctl

On machines with systemd, we see systemd logs with journalctl - How to Read and Edit Systemd Logs using Journalctl in linux

journalctl -b -1 for previous boot logs.

These still work - 
tail /var/log/syslog
tail /var/log/dmesg 

Other logs still seen in /var/log are auth.log and boot.log
-----------------
On newer systems, there is no /var/log/syslog
- /var/log/syslog does not exist.


journalctl -r for reverse chronological order.

spacebar to move forward, b to move backward.


Tuesday, January 28, 2025

adjusting pitch and narration speed in Reaper

Quick and dirty pitch shifting + increasing speed of narration in Reaper - using the "Playback Rate" item setting. Increasing playback rate increases the speed of the narration, of course. Keeping the "Preserve pitch" checkbox ticked allows the voice to retain the current pitch. And a negative value for "Pitch adjust (semitones)" makes the voice deeper. 



Monday, January 27, 2025

downloading youtube videos in 4k

Youtube has recently changed some of its video delivery code, so that online tools like ssyoutube.com etc don't provide videos higher than 360p. Even tools promising free 4k downloads like 4kdownload.com could only provide a 1080p version. Checking if open-source tools can do better - searched for yt dl on github, found https://github.com/ytdl-patched/ytdl-patched which had been updated recently. 

Usage - just needed to give

yt-dlp https://www.youtube.com/suitable-url
 
and it downloaded a 4k version.

Sunday, January 26, 2025

Fulldome video - simulated view of moving through a gas cloud or Nebula

Trying to create a different version of this video by ESO - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lj3t_gjuXWk - led me to various searches, where apparently IFSRenderer was supposed to be easier to create Nebula videos than Blender. There's the disadvantage that it runs only on Windows, and also doesn't seem to be accelerated much using an NVidia graphics card? So, these renders are only 1024x1024 - also, since these are supposed to be clouds, we can probably scale them to 4k - and probably just get a softer look for the nebula. These renders went at around 4 to 5 frames per minute on the computer with the NVidia 1060 card. 

Fulldome video suitable for playback in Planetariums - 


And one more (which was actually done earlier, on a laptop with integrated Intel graphics) - 


The saved settings for these are uploaded to github,
https://github.com/hn-88/IFSRenderer-saves

Zoom out to the edge of the observable universe in a single shot without cuts

Similar to the previous post, but in a "single take" zoom motion all the way from Earth to the edge of the observable Universe. A fulldome video made with OpenSpace - details as in my previous post.



The 4K (4096x4096) full resolution videos are available from archive.org - https://archive.org/details/to-edge-of-u-single-zoom-4k-hevc-nvenc-30fps
 

 A "reference" video with text overlay is also created, so that we can note the distances from Earth as the "camera" moves outwards - 


Earth to the Moon - fulldome video

Zooming out from a view of the Earth to a close view of the Moon, with a shot similar to the iconic "Earthrise" photo, and moving beyond the Moon - fulldome video suitable for planetariums created with OpenSpace


 

The "recording" file used to create this image is shared at https://github.com/hn-88/openspace-scripts/tree/main/user/recordings/Moon-Earthrise-beyond

As noted in the readme there, this was created with v2.1 of OSREC-interp and not with v3.0, v3.0 had bugs - jerky motion.

The full resolution 4096x4096 video is shared on archive.org - https://archive.org/details/earthto-moon-earthrise-beyond-hevc-nvenc

More of our fulldome videos on archive.org are at  https://archive.org/search?query=creator%3A%22www.saispace.in%22

Saturday, January 25, 2025

delete files found with "find"

Trying to create an AppImage for OpenSpace led to many learnings. Among them - how to delete the files found with the "find" command - 


find . -name '*.cpp' -print0 | xargs -0 -P2 rm

Explanation - 

"If you're on Linux or have the GNU find and xargs commands, then use -print0 with find and -0 with xargs to handle file names containing spaces and other odd-ball characters." - https://stackoverflow.com/questions/864316/how-to-pipe-list-of-files-returned-by-find-command-to-cat-to-view-all-the-files

"xargs reads items from the standard input, delimited by blanks (which can be protected with double or single quotes or a backslash) or new‐lines, and executes the command (default is echo) one or more times with any initial-arguments followed by items read from standard input.  Blank lines on the standard input are ignored." ... "Because Unix filenames can contain blanks and newlines, this de‐ fault behaviour is often problematic; filenames containing blanks and/or newlines are incorrectly processed by xargs. In these situations it is better to use the -0 option, which prevents such problems. When using this option you will need to ensure that the program which produces the input for xargs also uses a null character as a separator. If that program is GNU find for example, the -print0 option does this for you." - https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/xargs.1.html

and the -P option is "-P max-procs, --max-procs=max-procs
              Run up to max-procs processes at a time"


patch files using patch

For creating the OpenSpace AppImage, we need to apply some changes to the cfg file, and the most straightforward way to do it in the build script might be using patch.



So we create a file with the needed changes and use diff to create the patch.

diff -u old/slang.c new/slang.c > slang.patch

Thursday, January 23, 2025

logging load average and memory usage on Linux servers

Just redirecting the output of top to a text file, like top >> logtop, we get lot of unprintable characters due to its refresh nature.

uptime gives load average.

top can do various things, like batch mode, -b


Probably more efficient to just log timestamps, free and uptime.

So, put in a cron job to run every 15 minutes,
*/15 * * * * /home/path/to/logtopscript.sh

$ more logtopscript.sh
#!/usr/bin/bash
echo $(date '+%Y-%m-%d:%H:%M:%S') uptime: $(uptime) free: $(free)  >> /home/path/to/toplog.txt

This can be imported into spreadsheets like LibreOffice Calc using <SPACE> as the delimiter, but has problems with uptime's output not being exactly the same length - sometimes
up 1 hour
sometimes
up 6 days,  8:33
etc. It has issues for 3-4 data points every day, which need to be manually finagled. Probably a regex to select only the load average can solve that.

Wednesday, January 22, 2025

reinstating check status php code

 During the kerfuffle caused by the server overload mentioned in a previous post, we had disabled javascript code used to periodically ping a php page to check whether the CMS user had logged out from another window. That would have caused some session timeouts which would not be reported to the user, resulting in issues like this: 

Earlier today a few users contacted me saying that they are unable to login. I told them to clear cache and login and it worked. 

Since this check status code was not the root cause of the issue - which was just too many users trying to log in and using up all the RAM, the javascript and the check status code has been reinstated now.

Windirstat to find large files in filesystem

Revisiting an old tool, still great at what it does - Windirstat - for easily visualizing large files and directories.

Tuesday, January 21, 2025

server overloaded

 Lots and lots of server issues over the last 4 days, on some of our Moodle instances. Tried blocking bots on the ssh port, tried adding robots.txt to prevent excessive crawls, still, 30+ alerts from the server from last night ~8.30 pm onwards up to this morning. Finally, upsized the web server to 7 GB RAM (at double the cost) and the alerts stopped. So, it was human traffic that was probably to blame.

Checking logged in users on Moodle, for instance, via Site Administration > Reports > Live logs showed more than 20 users actively editing courses.

(Had tried blocking bots using

https://techexpert.tips/apache/apache-blocking-bad-bots-crawlers/

RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (gumgum-bot|postmanruntime|ag_dm_spider|scrapy|chimebot|SeekportBot|Amazonbot|SemrushBot) [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F,L]

But since the root cause was human users, this did not have much effect.)

Monday, January 20, 2025

BSNL FTTH ONT port 9090 server - did not work

A custom defined server on the ONT, without configuring anything else, did not work at port 9090. A predefined Shoutcast server, port 8000, also didn't work. Probably BSNL does some firewalling at the gateway. So would probably need some sort of ssh tunneling to run a server over BSNL FTTH. 

simple webserver for testing on Windows using Powershell

 This needs to be run in a Powershell run as administrator on my machine. Via https://woshub.com/simple-http-webserver-powershell/


$httpListener = New-Object System.Net.HttpListener

$httpListener.Prefixes.Add("http://+:9090/")

$httpListener.Start()


write-host "Press any key to stop the HTTP listener after next request"

while (!([console]::KeyAvailable)) {

$context = $httpListener.GetContext()

$context.Response.StatusCode = 200

$context.Response.ContentType = 'text/HTML'

$WebContent = Get-Content -Path "D:\Downloads\new.html" -Encoding UTF8

$EncodingWebContent = [Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($WebContent)

$context.Response.OutputStream.Write($EncodingWebContent , 0, $EncodingWebContent.Length)

$context.Response.Close()

Write-Output "" # Newline

}

$httpListener.Close()

run file-manager as root on Linux Mint

 gksu etc doesn't work, what does work, from https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=424807

pkexec nemo

Friday, January 17, 2025

flash drive errors

Tried many different ways to try and fix a 500 GB flash drive's errors, finally gave up as probably hardware fault. Details below.

Trying robocopy to copy large files, when a simple copy command fails - From
to
to


Accidentally set this drive to offline in windows disk management - using the diskpart method did not work. The object is not found. No solutions for me from this link. Finally got it online again from the settings app, Right-click on the Start button and select Settings >
Navigate to System > Storage > Advanced storage settings > Disk & volumes >
 Properties button of a disk (except the system disk or Windows disk) > Status section >
Online/Offline button


chkdsk f: /f /r /x

Free space verification is complete.
 Phase duration (Free space recovery): 10.42 minutes.
An unspecified error occurred (6e74667363686b2e 164d).

Again, formatting fails.

badblocks (on Linux) - recommends using badblocks via e2fsck, but e2fsck does not support ntfs. (on rpi).
So, plan is to repartition into 5 100 GB partitions, and try format f: etc on Windows. Partitioned OK, but formatting the partitions fails. So, gave up as hardware fault.



robots.txt syntax to exclude specific bots

 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56049660/how-to-exclude-all-robots-except-googlebot-and-bingbot-with-both-robots-txt-and

So for allowing googlebot and bingbot and nothing else, the syntax would be:

User-agent: *
Disallow: /

User-agent: Bingbot
Disallow:

User-agent: Googlebot
Disallow:

Thursday, January 16, 2025

CMS - Unable to open assets

Our CMS, which runs google apps scripts in an iframe, was not loading documents, known as "assets" - I thought maybe that the google apps script is not running? Or seems to be returning a blank page?

But the next day, it was fine. (In fact, when I tested the previous day, I had logged in to multiple accounts, which is probably why it didn't work. We need to be logged in to only one google account for the google apps script to work correctly. So, opened in a private window today, and it works.)

Sunday, January 12, 2025

preventing Moodle time-outs

 Copy-pasting from an email I sent out:

 ...  doing bulk actions on the Moodle instances can cause timeout failures if the action takes more than a minute or so to complete. So, actions should be done in small batches. For example,

1. Deleting users - first start with deleting one user, see how long it takes, and then scale to as many as possible to complete in one minute. A detailed post about automating this process is at 

https://hnsws.blogspot.com/2024/10/moving-multiple-moodle-instances-from.html#deleting-users

2. Deleting courses - you may need to delete module by module, checking how long each process takes, as above. 

3. Running ad-hoc queries - please filter for small result sets and optimize code so that the query completes within a minute or two.

Similarly, when designing the course pages, please use themes / modules / etc in such a way that only a limited number of images and or other content loads on a single page - otherwise, the site will be experienced as slow to load, slow to edit, etc. A rule of thumb would be to limit the scrolling to two screen heights, and not more than that.

In general, if you experience timeout errors (which usually will be displayed as "gateway error" if using cloudflare), you can simply close and re-open your browser after a couple of minutes, login again, and the site should load.


manually editing kodi playlists

Following up on the use of Kodi for theatre playouts - the previous posts below,
Work Stuff: optimizing kodi for planetarium projection


the playlists are located on the SDCARD and not on the USB drive containing the video files - 
Path to the video playlists is
STORAGE > .kodi/userdata/playlists/video

The editing has to be done as root, as no access otherwise.

Can't use UI, since gksudo is removed,
and other methods also don't work,

The entries in the m3u files are of the form
#EXTINF:0,3002Fade-out Lights.avi
/var/media/NTFS500GB/CommonFiles/3002Fade-out Lights.avi
so we need to remember to edit the filename on two lines.

Saturday, January 11, 2025

Zoom out to the edge of the observable universe

A fulldome video made with OpenSpace - details as in my previous post.

The OpenSpace recordings are shared at 
openspace-scripts/user/recordings/ToEdgeofU

The 4K (4096x4096) full resolution videos are available from archive.org -  
Zoom out to the edge of the observable Universe



format_onetopic plugin backwards compatibility

 Copy-pasting from an email, regarding the onetopic plugin's version for Moodle 4.5 and compatibility with older (3.x?) versions - 

I'm updating the format_onetopic plugin on all our Moodle instances. When doing that, it notified me of a new setting, backward compatibility with old styles, which it says will be removed soon.

 Currently I have enabled it, but if possible, please check the courses which use format_onetopic to see if they can be migrated to use the format_onetopic new style editor. The setting for format_onetopic is at

/admin/settings.php?section=formatsettingonetopic

 - the 2nd option, 

"Use legacy style controls. This option is only available for compatibility with older versions of the plugin and will be removed in the future in favor of using only the new style editor." 

Most probably, the way to do this would be:

1. check if the course is displayed correctly

2. go to admin/settings.php?section=formatsettingonetopic and uncheck the "Use legacy style controls"

3. check again if the course is displayed correctly

4. make some edit to the course, check again if the course is displayed correctly

5. If displayed OK, then you can revert the edit, and leave the check box unchecked.

6. If not displayed OK, please let me know.

If you find that unchecking this box does not create any problems for some course which uses format_onetopic, please uncheck the box for all the instances.

Site Administration > Plugins > Plugins Overview > Onetopic_format Settings

Friday, January 10, 2025

plugin updates not prompted by Moodle

Noting the conversation with the developer of the format_onetopic Moodle plugin, https://github.com/davidherney/moodle-format_onetopic/issues/204

Today I've been notified of a new plugin update by Moodle, so changing the Maturity level (by the developer, from Beta to Mature) seems to have fixed the "not being notified by Moodle about new updates" issue.

free up disk space on Github runner

While building OpenSpace on a github action, the github runner was running out of disk space. Fortunately, there is an action to clear up disk space - 
    - name: Free Disk Space (Ubuntu)
      uses: jlumbroso/free-disk-space@main
      with:
        # this might remove tools that are actually needed,
        # if set to "true" but frees about 6 GB
        tool-cache: false
        
        # all of these default to true, but feel free to set to
        # "false" if necessary for your workflow
        android: true
        dotnet: true
        haskell: true
        large-packages: false
        docker-images: true
        swap-storage: false

Here, true means remove. Since we need some of the large packages and we do need the swap space, I set those to false, and that solved the problem.

Thursday, January 09, 2025

trying out ai video generation

 Inspired by

SSSHSS || Karunyamatanvate || Drama Trailer 2025 ||

Tried out via

ai generated video for free duckduckgo search

imagine.art

(not very good)


Same prompt, "big bang which started the universe evolving into millions of galaxies", gave a 4 minute + documentary with commentary but watermarked, using invideo.io

https://ai.invideo.io/watch/sCKIn5VJQDE

Uploaded to youtube and embedded below. Though what I wanted was a visualization of the Big Bang and this is not what I wanted, as a mediocre youtube video, this is OK.



Tuesday, January 07, 2025

errors in apache logs

Copy-pasting from an email - 

While checking the error log on the server for clues on the 'password reset' causing server errors, I found that there were thousands of errors being logged by various plugins and pages on the various Moodle installations.

Apparently there are some outdated plugins on the Moodle installation which did not get upgraded automatically. One example seems to be the onetopic format plugin. Manually updating it seems to have worked. But there are some more. One example is the "Edwiser Reports" plugin, which does not seem to be available any more, no Moodle 4.5 support available as far as I can see, and not updated since 2022.

Deleted this plugin from all our instances, to get rid of errors like this:

[Sat Jan 04 09:37:35.671230 2025] [php:notice] [pid 1416984] [client 11.22.33.34:26126] Debugging: Invalid $required parameter value: '' .\n                It must be either VALUE_DEFAULT, VALUE_REQUIRED, or VALUE_OPTIONAL in \n* line 53 of /lib/external/classes/external_description.php: call to debugging()\n* line 47 of /lib/external/classes/external_value.php: call to core_external\\external_description->__construct()\n* line 47 of /local/edwiserreports/classes/external/get_plugin_config.php: call to core_external\\external_value->__construct()\n* line ? of unknownfile: call to local_edwiserreports\\external\\api::get_plugin_config_parameters()\n* line 110 of /lib/external/classes/external_api.php: call to call_user_func()\n* line 186 of /lib/external/classes/external_api.php: call to core_external\\external_api::external_function_info()\n* line 83 of /lib/ajax/service.php: call to core_external\\external_api::call_external_function()\n, referer: https://oneofourservers.org/mod/hvp/view.php?id=20118

Monday, January 06, 2025

updating copyright year in Moodle footer

Wanted to check if we can use php to automatically change the copyright year in Moodle footer, using the Moove theme. For example,

https://natclark.com/tutorials/php-automatic-copyright-notice/

<?php echo date('Y'); ?>

But no, when we add this to the footer via the Moove theme's UI, the footer displays the code instead of allowing php to parse it. So, updated manually.

pillars of creation, Hubble or Webb deep field, 3d model

 Thought about doing a render of the "pillars of creation" in Blender or something like that, using some 3d model available online.

https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/videos/2024/020/01J0KSWQV7N2ZC4JEKE2Q0RCJ8

has the video and

https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2024/020/01HZ7KZ85WKVG3H46A8B7GCEV8?app=true&news=true

has the 3d model, STL model for 3D printing

https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/products/01HZ7M91P8DY5J5JFQJ28WQ72X

But then, found this "zoom in" video was quite nice, needn't spend too much time on Blender,

zoom into pillars of creation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lj3t_gjuXWk

https://esahubble.org/videos/heic1501f/

UHD download.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Similarly, for Hubble Deep Field, Extreme Deep Field, etc - there are some resources online,

https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/videos/2012/37/718-Video.html?news=true

extreme deep field flythrough

(On the dome, the video provided by Lionel Ruiz looks nicer.)

There's a Blenderkit HDRI,

blenderkit james webb deep field hdri

https://www.blenderkit.com/asset-gallery-detail/6973dec9-f137-47da-9c5b-7bc9fa6780df/

Hubble ultra deep field animation in 3d

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAVjF_7ensg

720p

(link to hubblesite in description is dead)

And HD download at

Across the Universe: The Hubble Ultra Deep Field

https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30687

Friday, January 03, 2025

Going around Mount Fuji

More fulldome videos made with OpenSpace - details as in my previous post. Inspired by the Digital Earth Volcanos video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEIE8V2sbFE&t=2354s


Needed to use the ESRI Wayback 2020 images to get a view of snow-capped Fuji - https://github.com/OpenSpace/OpenSpace/tree/master/data/assets/scene/solarsystem/planets/earth/layers/colorlayers/esri_world_imagery_wayback - these images load very slowly for me, unlike ESRI hosted image tiles.

The 4K (4096x4096) full resolution videos are available from archive.org - 
https://archive.org/details/fuji-side
https://archive.org/details/zoom-in-to-fuji-nvenchevc







nvidia accelerated video encoding with ffmpeg

Following this page,

https://docs.nvidia.com/video-technologies/video-codec-sdk/12.0/ffmpeg-with-nvidia-gpu/index.html

the following encoding went at around 21 fps with the NVidia 1060 graphics card - 

ffmpeg -r 30 -start_number -003875 -f image2 -i "OpenSpace%06d.png" -c:v h264_nvenc ../filename.mp4

Using h265_nvenc gave codec not found error, but hevc_nvenc worked. That went at around 23 fps. Without acceleration, when using the "lossless" parameter, it was taking several seconds per frame. 0.2 fps or so.

Edit - apparently full hardware transcode with NVDEC and NVENC:

ffmpeg -hwaccel cuda -hwaccel_output_format cuda -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc -preset slow output.mp4

But apparently lower quality - https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44510765/gpu-accelerated-video-processing-with-ffmpeg

Thursday, January 02, 2025

mini-review of adult diapers

From the wide selection available on Amazon, among tape-style diapers, 

  • Super Seni - expensive, most comfortable, but not for overnight. Over Rs. 90 each.

  • Karein - plasticky, but good for overnight. Rs. 35-40 each. This is our current overnight pick.

  • CIR - not stretchy. But less & better plastic than Friends Easy - and so CIR is currently our non-overnight pick. Rs. 26 each.

  • Dignity premium - material is soft, not plasticky - but more expensive than CIR at Rs. 35-40 each.

  • Bonbon - bad. Rs. 30-36 each.

  • Lyfcare - not as bad as bonbon, but not worth Rs. 24-50 each

Sunday, December 29, 2024

appimage issue and solution

There was a problem running the v1.60 appimage of OCVvid2fulldome, created in mid-2020 on Ubuntu 18.04, when trying to run on Linux Mint 22 (based on Ubuntu 24.04). 

AppImage: symbol lookup error: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.so.0: undefined symbol: g_module_open_full

Probably this is related to

So, opened an issue. But found that simply creating an appimage with Ubuntu 20.04 solves the problem. 

Wednesday, December 25, 2024

'verify your account' emails from google cloud platform

We keep receiving emails from CloudPlatform-noreply@google.com asking us to verify "your google cloud account" followed by a number. But clicking on the Verify button leads to a "not found" page on google cloud console. Clicking on the "Support" link at the bottom of the email, I came to the link for "interactive billing assistant" at

which led to

That "AI assistant" suggested that this may be a message to verify the billing account payment method. I see that a billing account with payment method had been created in the past, but we're not currently using any paid services. 

The accounts dept verified the payment method with credit card, but we still get these messages. Probably due to some other account which was used to create google assistant action? Perhaps.

Tuesday, December 24, 2024

exFAT vs FAT32

I thought that exFAT was just the new name for FAT32. But apparently exFAT does not have the 4 GB file size limit, and can be read by MacOS natively (though not by all devices which can read FAT32) - https://superuser.com/questions/440509/getting-around-the-fat32-4-gb-file-size-limit


notes on backing up Azure blob storage folder to local external hard drive

Copy-pasting from an email exchange - 

As the message says, a few thousand files did not download properly, there were errors. Most probably due to bad internet connection. Would need to retry again and again until all are downloaded. Or, use a better internet connection - for eg, I use home BSNL fiber (100 Mbps) when I need to download large files. Another option is Airtel 5G, for one-time downloads. 

When I downloaded on BSNL Fiber using Azure explorer, the download went at around 50 Mbps, 111 GB in 17605 sec or just below 5 hours.

Copying from one hard disk to another showed another possible reason for the previous download to fail - the external hard disk was corrupted, leading to file copy failure - repaired the file system and the file copy worked OK.

If needed again, can explore rclone on the RPi.

Monday, December 23, 2024

server error 500 on trying to reset password in Moodle

A Moodle admin reported internal server error 500 on trying to reset the password for another user. And confirmed that the same error occurs even when resetting his own account's password from the profile field. But the password reset via the login page works.

So, perhaps there is some setting in Moodle which prevents anyone from changing passwords except via the password reset page
or
maybe there's a bug
or
there's some issue which prevents updating of user records.

I could reset the password using the commandline,
https://docs.moodle.org/405/en/Administration_via_command_line#Reset_user_password

which in our case is

sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php admin/cli/reset_password.php
# this prompts for the username and then for the new password. 

 

 

Saturday, December 21, 2024

Let's Encrypt certificate expiry emails

Not sure if there is any way to tell letsencrypt that these certs are no longer required - or maybe certbot delete will do it?

certbot delete --cert-name mywebsite.com


Anyway, in this case, I have already de-allocated the old server, so will just ignore the emails after checking that the current certificates have a validity date beyond what is specified in the emails. 

chroma keying tutorial etc - for "one zoom" masking of white

In order to project the onezoom.org video on the dome, without all the white background dazzling viewers, looked for ways to convert the white background to black background.


But we might not be able to use that? Maybe if we make the clip green?

Green screen tutorial - Ryan King Art

Finally ended up using inverted Y images (video) as mask, then increased contrast 3x with Multiply 3x.

capturing the screen in 4K resolution without a 4K monitor - with an NVidia graphics card on Linux

There's a very pretty visualization of all life on Earth - tree of life - on onezoom.org and I wanted to capture videos of zooming in and out.


Next, I wanted to see if I can do a 4K capture without needing to change the existing monitor, which runs on 1920x1080

Exploring the "NVidia X Server Settings", found a ViewPortIn setting after hitting the Advanced button under X Server Display Configuration. After setting it to 3840x2160, gpu-screen-recorder could still capture the screen at 60fps without any fuss. 


The Apply button worked, but the Save to X Configuration File did not - most probably due to some difference in the path. But an issue faced after making this change was that after every boot, the display would come back to this 4K setting, which made everything on the HD display too small for daily use. Even after changing back the ViewPortIn to HD, the Panning to HD, and Apply, the change would not remain after rebooting. The solution, which persisted across reboots, seemed to be to change the Scale from 2x to 1x in Display settings - 



Friday, December 20, 2024

preliminary work - tree of life from onezoom.org

 Onezoom.org has this beautiful visualization of the "tree of life" - zooming in and out of the "homo sapiens" entry - captured using GPU Screen Recorder at 60 fps, and slowed down to 15 fps without any motion compensation etc using avidemux.


The original video is also shared on archive.org

Monday, December 16, 2024

outages of our Moodle instances

There were a couple of outages - at around 8 am on 16th when the database server became unresponsive, and around 2.45 pm when the web server became unresponsive. Rebooting fixed the issues on both occasions. I believe these could have been due to a kernel update? 

Sunday, December 08, 2024

Azure AD graph retirement

 There was an email from Microsoft Azure, "Migrate Service Principals from the retiring Azure AD Graph APIs to Microsoft Graph" - clicking through, the recommendation only showed the id of the function or resource using the deprecated API, and did not provide any other information.

After an internet search, this faq showed how to identify it - 
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/migrate-azure-ad-graph-faq#as-an-it-admin-how-do-i-identify-apps-in-my-tenant-that-use-azure-ad-graph

(It was not an application which I had created, it says the owner is "Power Virtual Agents Service" - so no action was taken. More info - https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/azure-ai-services-blog/use-your-own-data-to-create-a-power-virtual-agent-with-azure-openai-service/3891860 )

automating user preferences modifications on Moodle - SikuliX

We had to change a large number of users' forum preferences in Moodle as noted in the previous post. Checking the database for changes when such changes were made, it appeared that new entries would be added to prefix_user_preferences table, with 
name = message_provider_mod_forum_digests_enabled
value = popup
and so on.

Since this was not as straightforward as just changing a flag in a user preferences table, I thought it would be safer to do it via the Moodle UI instead of messing around with database changes. 

To automate the task of changing 200+ users' preferences, I once again took the help of SikuliX. Once again, I chose the simplistic method of making SikuliX scripts with hard-coded Location(x,y) values. Using the 'Run in slow motion' mode, which shows the Location with a red cross-hair, I used moveMouse commands to find the x and y co-ordinates of the points where I wanted the clicks to happen. Unfortunately, the points were not directly 1:1 corresponding to x and y co-ordinates of my 1920x1080 fullscreen capture - Locations based on those co-ordinates threw up errors that the co-ordinates did not correspond to any location (being out of range). 

With the Edge browser screen set to approx. 80% zoom in order to show all the elements we needed on the single screen, the two scripts to update the Moodle preferences pages were as follows.

Documents > notifpref.sikuli > notifpref.py

from time import sleep

sleeptime=0.5
sleeptillpageload=2.0
urlbar=Location(925,64)
test1=Location(1300,746)
test2=Location(1405,564)
webpref=Location(1180,746)
emailpref=Location(1300,746)
id=126

while (id<345): 
  click(urlbar)
  sleep(sleeptime)
  sleep(sleeptime)
  click(urlbar)
  #type(BACKSPACE 3 times)
  type("\b")
  type("\b")
  type("\b")
  type(str(id))
  #type ENTER
  type("\n")
  #mouseMove(test1)
  popup("waiting for no error")
  #sleep(sleeptime)
  #mouseMove(test2)
  mouseMove(webpref)
  #sleep(sleeptime)
  click(webpref)
  #mouseMove(emailpref)
  #sleep(sleeptime)
  click(emailpref)
  id=id+1
  #popup("waiting for no error")

Documents > forumprefs.sikuli > forumprefs.py

from time import sleep

sleeptime=0.5
sleeptillpageload=2.0
urlbar=Location(925,64)
subjectonly=Location(700,525)
test2=Location(505,704)
savebutton=Location(505,704)
emailtype=Location(700,446)
id=4362
url="https://ourserver.org/user/forum.php?id="

while (id>4135): 
  click(urlbar)
  #select all
  type("a",KeyModifier.CTRL)
  #type(paste the url already copied)
  type("v",KeyModifier.CTRL)
  type(str(id))
  #type ENTER
  type("\n")
  popup("waiting for no error")
  click(emailtype)
  sleep(sleeptime)
  click(subjectonly)
  id=id-1
  mouseMove(test2)
  click(savebutton)
  popup("waiting for no error")

  



  

Moodle database server overloaded - fixes

Since I'd set up CPU and disk space monitoring emails on some of our servers, I started getting CPU usage alert emails regularly from the mysql database server VM which served some of our Moodle instances. CPU usage kept going up, not declining even during night hours. 

Troubleshooting - 

  1. Checked 'currently running tasks' in all Moodle instances - Site administration > Server > Tasks > Tasks running now. Deleted the 3 tasks seen to be running for over an hour (delete modules) in the database table - since these were adhoc tasks, from the {task_adhoc} table based on adhoc taskid.

  2. Checked task logs, filtered for tasks taking longer than 3 seconds, and changed the scheduled tasks settings inside those Moodle instances to reduce the frequency of those tasks. Did this for all five Moodle instances. On the newest instance, changed the following in
    Site Administration > Server > Tasks > Scheduled tasks
    • \enrol_category\task\enrol_category_sync -  */5 instead of * (once every five minutes instead of every minute)

    • \local_edwiserreports\task\send_scheduled_emails 05 instead of */5 (once an hour instead of once a minute)

    • \local_edwiserreports\task\update_course_progress_data 39 instead of */5

    •  \mod_customcert\task\issue_certificates_task (once a day instead of every minute)

    •  \mod_forum\task\cron_task (once an hour instead of every minute)
    • \core\task\search_index_task */47 instead of */30 

  3. The newest instance had thousands of errors being generated by mod_forum - failed to send notifications - and also another instance had thousands of errors from 'failed to send login notifications' at the time of migration in May. Deleted all these failed adhoc tasks from prefix_task_adhoc for both these instances. (For deleting the rows, since the number of rows were so large, it was much faster to create a query like 
    delete from our_db.prefix_task_adhoc where classname like '%send_user_notif%' (24k rows)
    instead of deleting via the DBeaver GUI.

  4.  I had tried various options to prevent mod_forum from throwing errors for 'failed to send notifications'. Finally, the options which worked seemed to be:
    + Enable mobile notifications in Site Administration > General > Notification settings

    + Enable Subscribed forum posts notifications for Web and Mobile, also in Site Administration > General > Notification settings, default notification preferences

    + Enable Subscribed forum digests notifications for Web, Mobile and Email

    + Go to each user and change their forum notification preferences to Digest instead of No digest (each post separate email) - I'll write a separate post on how I automated this - Site Administration > Users , find the user, click on the user profile, Administration > Preferences and there, change forum preferences and notification preferences as above. 


GMail rate limiting and Moodle

Some of our Moodle instances which used XOAUTH to send emails via smtp.gmail.com had issues with temporary authentication failures. Apparently GMail's smtp servers have started rate limiting after approx 100 emails were sent in 3 minutes by Moodle. Mostly mod_forum email digests.

Since Moodle itself doesn't seem to have any provision for rate limiting, we need to set up some mail relay which can retry mails which get throttled.  

SSMTP which is currently installed on the server, doesn't seem to support any advanced features like rate limiting. 

Since I'm familiar with Postfix, looked up ways to send emails from Postfix through google's smtp servers - https://computingforgeeks.com/configure-postfix-to-relay-emails-using-gmail-smtp/

After setting up postfix as above, and changing the outgoing mail configuration on our Moodle instances to the default values (which would use the server default, ie postfix), emails seem to be going out fine. 

For checking the postfix logs for errors, 

journalctl -t postfix/smtp | more
journalctl -t postfix/smtp -f # for tailing the logs

With the postfix config with a single relayhost, there are a few errors once in a while "Network unreachable" but a second later, the mail gets sent. So, use of postfwd or extra config was not needed. If needed in future, multiple postfix instances or the use of multiple relay hosts based on authentication might be options.

Currently sending two large instances' emails through these, 250 emails have gone out last night with no problems as seen via the gmail interface in the sent folder.

 

limiting download speeds with trickle

Running Sheepit render farm in the background on one of our machines, I wanted to limit the download speed of the Sheepit client, since office bandwidth was limited. 

First tried wondershaper and tc - did not work - finally ended up with trickle. Modified the desktop shortcut launcher I use to the command

trickle -s -d 1024 -u 1024 java -jar sheepit-client-ver.jar

Earlier tries and misses, and links for reference - 

https://securitynetworkinglinux.com/how-to-shape-traffic-using-wondershaper-on-ubuntu-20-04-cli/

https://askubuntu.com/questions/1523362/server-24-04-only-starts-a-single-interface-on-boot

https://superuser.com/questions/1053003/what-is-the-difference-between-eth1-and-eno1
We have eno1 instead of eth0.

Used git clone instead of the apt version as per
https://github.com/magnific0/wondershaper

Then, syntax has changed. But errors,
sudo ./wondershaper -a eno1 -d 1024
Error: Exclusivity flag on, cannot modify.
Error: Exclusivity flag on, cannot modify.
Error: Exclusivity flag on, cannot modify.
RTNETLINK answers: File exists

Trying tc with this syntax from
https://superuser.com/questions/1598721/adding-both-delay-bandwidth-restrictions-via-tc

sudo tc qdisc add dev eno1 root netem rate 10mbit
no errors shown
sudo tc qdisc add dev eno1 root netem rate 1mbit
Error: Exclusivity flag on, cannot modify.

The 2nd command above was with protonvpn on.

sudo systemctl restart systemd-networkd
sudo tc qdisc add dev eno1 root netem rate 1mbit
Error: Exclusivity flag on, cannot modify.
 
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-restart-network-interface/
sudo ifdown eno1
ifdown: command not found.

sudo systemctl restart systemd-networkd
 
sudo tc qdisc add dev eno1 root netem rate 5mbit
no errors,
but when running protonvpn, this has no effect - download is running at 2.4MB/s
 
trickle -s -d 1024 firefox
Command 'trickle' not found, but can be installed with:
sudo apt install trickle

sudo apt install trickle
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Package trickle is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'trickle' has no installation candidate


https://ubuntu.pkgs.org/22.04/ubuntu-universe-amd64/trickle_1.07-11_amd64.deb.html
 
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/t/trickle/trickle_1.07-11_amd64.deb
Installed OK.

But man trickle says,
Furthermore, trickle will not work with statically linked executables, nor with setuid(2) executables.
 
Also available from source, https://github.com/mariusae/trickle
 
 

Tuesday, December 03, 2024

some blender ideas I have not yet tried

Shortcut to creating rocket scene - from https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/gslv-mk3-0426922358b4444f9887bcd551d3a5cb - zoom in the view, take screenshots, then composite it with Earth background.

Editing Blender Image Texture with Gimp - How to Link Blender with any External Image Editor! (youtube.com) - as of now, only directly edited the png texture file(s) by loading them into Gimp outside Blender.

How to make millions of bodies - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQ9VmCN2EsE - How to Render Millions of Objects in Blender.

Rigid bodies physics - falling etc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHVYYMG3QVY

DNA in Blender in one minute - nicely explained - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgPlgiOQWPA

Biochemistry L12: Building Bacteria (E. coli) in Blender - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoDDNCWyziI - that channel has lots of Molecules, Chemistry, proteins, petri-dish etc Blender tutorials. @LuminousLab, "Blender for Scientists".

Smart UV project - for easier uv unwrapping of simple objects - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qa_1LjeWsJg - UV > Smart UV project - https://youtu.be/qa_1LjeWsJg?feature=shared&t=820 - This did not seem to work for the cubes - would always turn out sideways for some cube faces. Did rotation and rescaling of the uv mesh manually.

Idea for Swami video composition - or a sequence of stills - 5 stills left to right, come at 1 sec intervals, 4 stills above that (found in testing that one layer of stills looks better than 2 layers.) Each frame changes every second? May not be required - could have new frames appearing every second, then after 5 seconds, the first frame changes, etc. Change would be like a page turn? - or not - quick fade to black and change also works. Another option: A large photo album, with pages turning. Each page has 2 + 2 photos? This might need animation. So, earlier option might be easier. Page turn tutorial - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3lfNXAZblA

Keyframe the multiply factor, to change the speed of clips - to slowly speed up or slow down clips - https://docs.blender.org/manual/en/latest/video_editing/edit/montage/strips/effects/speed_control.html - as of now, used only the "stretch" method, which is the default for the Speed Control effect, which is easy to use. We can cut clips with Shift-K and apply different speeds etc.

Privacy blur mask in Blender VSE - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0qoIRKNtnE

Set active camera - animate camera smoothly - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7qyW1G350g

How to use google colab to render blender files - Speed Up Your Blender Renders with Free Google Colab- using Sheepit Render Farm instead as of now.

3d text in Blender - Add a text object, choose the font in the object's properties. 3D Text in Blender: Everything You Need to Know! - but has problems with Hindi rendering etc


Monday, December 02, 2024

human body anatomy - using the free z-anatomy blender model

Led on by this video, though the model was not found in the link in the description of the video, found it with a github search at Z-Anatomy/The-blend: Z-Anatomy blender template

As mentioned in the video, importing single collections like skeletal system takes a minute or so, importing multiple collections or opening the entire blend file takes a bit longer.

To import the whole thing and then save-as, deleting those features which we don't want - 

  • to delete text labels, we can select all text labels by going to Object menu, Select all by type and choosing Text

  • Rendering in eevee or cycles causes a cut-away view, while workbench rendering engine gives a whole face. This is probably due to some "hide" setting somewhere, but I just went with workbench rendering instead of trying to troubleshoot.

  • to turn on visibility for all objects in a collection, we have to Alt-left-click on the render / viewport icon as required. ALT clicking is the trick.

  • to move camera to current view, the shortcut is Ctrl+Alt+Numpad 0. Or can change the shortcut on machines which don't have the numpad, in File > User Preferences > Input, search for camera, the pref is 'align camera to view'. For Blender 4.2, the menu is Edit > Preferences > Keymap

  • to prevent camera being deleted with lasso select, just hide it - select the object in object mode, Object menu > Show/Hide > Hide selected (or H is the shortcut key, Shift H to unhide after the delete operations are done.)

  • Working with objects inside a collection - simply selecting the collection and deleting it does not delete the objects inside the collection. To select all objects in a collection - right-click the collection and choose Select objects. Then, Del key or x or object menu > delete
  •